Case Studies

Systems as learning models

Browse system-inspired learning models organized by category. These pages teach patterns and constraints, not exact private production internals.

E-Commerce

Airbnb

A two-sided marketplace for search, booking, payments, and trust

marketplacesearchbookingpayments
AI & ML

ChatGPT

Serving large language model inference to hundreds of millions of users

aiLLMinferenceGPU
Messaging

Discord

Real-time voice, video, and text for communities at massive scale

messagingreal-timevoicegaming
Developer Tools

GitHub

The world's largest code hosting platform powered by Git at scale

gitcode-hostingCI/CDdeveloper-tools
Messaging

Gmail

The world's largest email service with AI-powered organization and search

emailmessagingsearchspam-filtering
Productivity

Google Drive

Cloud file storage and real-time collaboration at planetary scale

storagecollaborationsyncsharing
Search & Discovery

Google Maps

Real-time navigation and geospatial search for billions of users

mapsgeospatialnavigationreal-time
Video & Conferencing

Google Meet

WebRTC-powered video conferencing deeply integrated with Google Workspace

videowebrtcconferencingreal-time
Productivity

Google Photos

AI-powered photo storage, search, and memories for billions of images

photosstorageAIsearch
Social Media

Instagram

Photo and video sharing at massive scale with real-time feeds

socialfeedsmediapython
Streaming

Netflix

Global video streaming with personalized content delivery

streamingvideoCDNmicroservices
Messaging

Slack

Channel-based messaging for the enterprise workplace

messagingreal-timeenterprisecollaboration
Messaging

Telegram

Cloud-native messaging with unlimited storage and channels

messagingcloudchannelsMTProto
Social Media

Twitter / X

Real-time global public conversation with fan-out at scale

socialtimelinefan-outreal-time
Transportation

Uber

Real-time ride matching with geospatial intelligence

transportgeospatialreal-timematching
Messaging

WhatsApp

End-to-end encrypted messaging at planetary scale

messagingreal-timeencryptionerlang
Streaming

YouTube

The world's largest video platform serving billions of hours daily

streamingvideoCDNrecommendation
Video & Conferencing

Zoom

Proprietary multimedia routing for reliable video conferencing at any scale

videoconferencingreal-timeSFU