Capabilities

Learn product capabilities

Practical learning guides for common product capabilities. Each guide focuses on starting designs, tradeoffs, cost drivers, failure modes, cloud constraints, and the signals that tell a team when to evolve.

Reliability & Infra

API Versioning

Backward-compatible API evolution with URL, header, and content negotiation strategies

APIversioningRESTbackward-compatibility

Security & Payments

Audit Logging

Append-only event stores, tamper-proof records, and compliance-ready activity trails

auditloggingcompliancesecurity

Caching Strategies

Cache-aside, write-through, invalidation patterns, and distributed caching with Redis

cachingRedisinvalidationperformance

CDN & Asset Delivery

Origin shielding, cache hierarchies, purging strategies, and global content distribution

CDNcachingedgeperformance

Collaboration & UX

Collaborative Real-Time Editing

CRDTs vs Operational Transform for conflict-free concurrent document editing

CRDTOTcollaborationreal-time

Custom Domains

Let users map their own domains to your SaaS with DNS verification and automatic TLS

custom-domainsDNSTLSSaaS

Security & Payments

End-to-End Encryption

Signal Protocol, key exchange, ratcheting, and encrypted storage for private communication

encryptionE2EESignal Protocolcryptography

Feature Flags & Progressive Rollouts

Gradual feature deployment with audience targeting, kill switches, and experimentation

feature-flagsrolloutA/B testingdeployment

Feed & Timeline Generation

Fan-out-on-write vs fan-out-on-read strategies for personalized content feeds

feedtimelinefan-outranking

File Upload Pipeline

Chunked and resumable uploads, server-side processing, and CDN delivery at scale

uploadfileschunkedresumable

Full-Text Search

Inverted indexes, relevance tuning, and search-as-you-type for any content type

searchElasticsearchinverted-indexrelevance

Reliability & Infra

Job Queues & Background Workers

Async task processing with retries, dead-letter queues, and priority scheduling

queuesbackground-jobsasyncworkers

Multi-Tenant Architecture

Shared infrastructure with tenant isolation, noisy neighbor protection, and per-tenant customization

multi-tenantSaaSisolationdatabase

Security & Payments

OAuth2 & Social Login

Authorization code flow, token refresh, and provider federation for third-party authentication

OAuth2authenticationsocial-loginOIDC

Security & Payments

Payment Processing

Idempotent charges, webhook reconciliation, and PCI compliance for online payments

paymentsStripeidempotencyPCI

Real-Time & Communication

Presence & Online Status

Distributed heartbeat tracking to show who is online in real time

presencereal-timeheartbeatdistributed

Real-Time & Communication

Push Notifications

Fan-out delivery to APNs and FCM with guarantees, batching, and user preferences

pushnotificationsAPNsFCM

Reliability & Infra

Rate Limiting & Throttling

Token bucket, sliding window, and distributed rate limiting to protect your APIs

rate-limitingthrottlingAPIRedis

Role-Based Access Control

Permission models, policy engines, and row-level security for multi-user applications

RBACpermissionsauthorizationsecurity

Recommendation Engine

Collaborative filtering, content-based, and hybrid approaches to personalized suggestions

recommendationsMLcollaborative-filteringpersonalization

Real-Time & Communication

Server-Sent Events

One-way real-time streaming from server to client over HTTP

real-timestreamingHTTPEventSource

URL Shortener

Short link generation, redirect resolution, and click analytics at scale

URLshortenerredirectanalytics

Video Transcoding Pipeline

Adaptive bitrate encoding, queue-based processing, and HLS/DASH delivery for streaming

videotranscodingHLSDASH

Reliability & Infra

Webhooks

Reliable event delivery to external systems with retry, HMAC verification, and monitoring

webhookseventsHTTPretry

Real-Time & Communication

WebSocket Infrastructure

Persistent bidirectional connections at scale for real-time applications

WebSocketreal-timebidirectionalscaling